Richard Johnston

Richard Johnston

Turbine spirometers

Turbine spirometers have been around in one form or another for well over a hundred years. The accuracy of the early versions of this type of spirometer was poor, partly because of the turbine desi…

Shunt fraction

I was reading an article recently that made an off-hand reference to the 100% oxygen shunt fraction test. Results from the test were included in the data analysis but the equations the researchers …

Hepatopulmonary syndrome

My hospital has an active liver transplantation program and all transplant candidates get a full panel of PFTs in my lab. The number of liver transplant candidates we get varies from week to week b…